Program Plan Outline
The main focus for
Kidney Knowledge for Care is understanding Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and its
evolution to affecting African Americans (AAs) in a deadly manner. There are
five stages of CKD and the fifth stage is End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD).1 The
disease begins with mild symptoms and progresses to severe symptoms leading to
death if the patient does not receive a kidney transplant. Kidneys are a vital
organ as they are responsible for “filtering waste and extra fluid out of the
blood.”1 If there is not proper blood filtration, secondary
conditions begin to develop contributing to a weaker immune system and
non-functioning organs.2 Treatment and prevention methods can
be used in the earlier stages of the disease but if a person is not aware of
the signs and symptoms, they may not act accordingly. Kidney Knowledge for Care
(KKC) provides that awareness factor for AAs because AAs suffer from kidney
failure at a significantly higher rate than Caucasians.3 Teaching
patients to become self-advocates for themselves and loved ones is the goal of
the program. Knowing that the problem can be preventable and managed, it is
KKC’s mission to provide African Americans with educational resources for
success.
Main
goal and objectives for KKC are:
Goal
African Americans will become advocates
for themselves by using the kidney information provided by Kidney Knowledge for
Care.
Objectives
a. Within a year of
using educational resources from Kidney Knowledge for Care (KKC), 25 people
will provide testimonials of how their lives have changed by the implementing
suggested behavioral health changes from KKC.
b. Within the first
year of launching the program, the program's blog will be seen by people in two
or more states, as measured by the stats button on Blogger.
c. By the end of 2025,
the percent of African Americans suffering from CKD will decrease by 5 percent
in Baltimore, Maryland according to the USRD statistics after more African
Americans develop an understanding of preventing and managing CKD.
To achieve the goal and objectives for
KKC, there need to be partnerships built. The sponsoring agency for Kidney
Knowledge for Care is the National Kidney Foundation (NKF). The developed
partnership between KKC and NKF will be a major resource for African Americans
with chronic kidney disease. NKF is a well-known and established organization
that has years of experience disseminating kidney health research findings,
resources, and general, prevention and management information for KKC to share
with those looking for help.
Primary
target audience
The intended primary target audience is
African Americans diagnosed with CKD. Especially, those who specifically fall
under the characteristics listed below:
1.
Behavioral—African Americans who are diagnosed with
CKD and are not engaging in any healthy lifestyle changes that will help manage
their diagnosed CKD. (ex. Smoking, drinking, eating foods high in sugar and
fat, no exercising or improper sleeping habits.)
2.
Cultural- Many African American families have
church gatherings and family functions where hypertensive and diabetic foods
that are not beneficial to CKD prevention or management are consumed.
3.
Demographic—Patients without access to health
education resources. CKD is highly prevalent in patients who are in a lower
SES. Mainly because of the absence of health care access or other resources to
help cope with health conditions and life.
4.
Physical— African Americans with type 2 diabetes.
“The most common type of diabetes in the African American population is type 2
diabetes.”1 The disease can be developed from family history,
obesity and physical inactivity, and impaired glucose tolerance.
5.
Psychographic— Patients with End Stage Renal Disease.
“ESRD, the last stage of CKD, is a contributing factor that greatly relates to
depression in patients because of the inability to cope with health diagnosis.”2
Key strategies for African Americans
trying to prevent or manage CKD include:
Action
To
educate and communicate with the target audience. To share the details about
CKD and why it affects AAs the most than other cultures. To provide an
awareness for people to implement lifestyle behavioral changes.
Barriers
African
Americans may feel targeted by another health statistic. Some individuals may
be too sick to access the program. Feelings of despair because of diagnosis.
Benefits
Less
AAs patients with CKD.
Credentials
National
Kidney Foundation, evidence-based articles.
Channel
Online.
This provides interaction around the country and world. Participants can share
testimonials and exchange contact information with one another to develop
support groups.
Pretest
strategy
In disseminating the message of KKC to
potential participants. We created a brochure that discusses the purpose of the
program and what interventions could be done by African Americans to prevent or
manage CKD. The brochure provided a succinct plan of how the program will help
promote patients and others to become health advocates.
Theoretical
Foundation
The health belief model (HBM) is an ideal
theory to evaluate Kidney Knowledge for Care (KKC) because of what is included
in the core components of the model. The core components address real-life
perceptions, thoughts, beliefs, and actions that will prompt anyone to evaluate
their own health status.4 African Americans who are in need of
kidney treatment due to chronic kidney disease (CKD) may feel vulnerable and
unsure about the entire process. However, KKC program leaders will know how to
approach those who are looking for help by relating the core components of HBM
to KKC’s communication efforts. HBM will guide program leaders on what kind of
questions to ask those who are interested in seeking kidney health resources.
Asking a simple question as, “did you know chronic kidney disease is
manageable?” to address the core component of perceived susceptibility, can
provide an understanding of the level of knowledge a person has about chronic
kidney disease. Effective incorporation of HBM through communication techniques
will evaluate whether the targeted population feels the program is beneficial
to their kidney health needs. If not, further evaluation of the program will
need to be performed.
Management
chart
|
Timetable
|
Tasks
|
Responsible persons
|
|
6 months- 1 year
|
Developing website
|
Website Developer
|
|
1 year- recurring
|
Review scholarly articles
|
Program Developer
|
|
6 months-2 years
|
Partnerships
|
Program Developer
|
|
Recurring
|
Develop Marketing Strategies
|
Marketing Team
|
Budget (annual
expenses)
|
Estimate Cost
|
Resources
|
|
$2,000
|
Marketing (social media, television,
etc.)
|
|
$1,200
|
Journal Subscriptions (6 journals @
$200/ea.)
|
|
$1,500
|
Events/Promotions
|
|
Total
Budget:
$4,700
|
|
KKC is currently an online based nonprofit
program with hope to expand in the future. As for now, the program has
volunteer workers that run the operations. The website is updated weekly with
information provided by scholarly journals and live YouTube videos of healthy
lifestyle behaviors are offered every two weeks on the website. The chat box is
available every day for constant communication between participants and KKC
developers.
Issues
of concern/potential problems
Being
that the program is an online program, it can be a challenge for certain people
to access if they do not have basic computer skills.
Evaluation
strategies
In performing an outcome evaluation for
Kidney Knowledge for Care (KKC), the first step to review is the reaction of
the targeted audience. Being that the target population is the African American
(AA) community, there must be cultural awareness displayed when sharing kidney
knowledge. Addressing why AAs must alter certain behaviors in life to minimize
or manage chronic kidney disease is needed but in delivering the message, it is
necessary to not place blame on socioeconomic status or anything that could be
perceived as offensive. Remembering to be culturally sensitive when promoting
awareness of a particular population is important. The evaluation design that
would work well with the goals of KKC would be to incorporate “before and after
studies.”4 The main goal of KKC is to provide kidney health
information for African Americans of all ages and this design will help
determine if the knowledge learned was retained. The best way to note whether
individuals retained this knowledge is to receive feedback. A few methods to
perform this evaluation is to have individuals share testimonials of how the
program has helped them with CKD and provide brief kidney health quizzes. This
evaluation process can help participants to determine what they have to learn
more about in order for them to receive the best health results.
References
1.
Stage
of Chronic Kidney Disease. Kidney Fund website. http://www.kidneyfund.org/kidney-disease/chronic-kidney-disease-ckd/stages-of-chronic-kidney-disease/.
Accessed December 13, 2018.
2.
Abbasi
MA, Chertow GM, Hall YN. End-stage renal disease. BMJ Clin Evid.
2010;2010:2002. Published 2010 Jul 19.
3.
African
Americans and kidney disease. National Kidney Foundation website. https://www.kidney.org/news/newsroom/factsheets/African-Americans-and-CKD.
Published January 2016. Accessed December 14, 2018
4.
Making
Health Communication Programs Work. National Cancer Institute. https://www.cancer.gov/publications/health-communication/pink-book.pdf.
Accessed December 14, 2018.
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